Structural Optimization of Ship Lock Heads during Construction Period considering Concrete Creep

Table 2

Material properties anticipated for ship lock head construction.

Definition	Symbol	Ship lock head	Bedrock	Backfilled gravel
Mass density (kg/m^3)		2400	2600	2000
Poisson’s ratio		0.167	0.27	0.3
Elastic modulus (Pa)		Equation (38)	20	20
Linear expansion coefficient (10^−6/°C)		7	7	7
Surface exothermic coefficient (kJ/m^2·h·°C) (before dismantling formwork)		17.21	20.83	20.83
Surface exothermic coefficient (kJ/m^2·h·°C) (after dismantling formwork)		56.67	20.83	20.83
Thermal conductivity coefficient (kJ/m·h·°C)		8.34	10.467	10.699
Specific heat (kJ/kg·°C)		0.984	0.708	0.745