Parameter-Adaptive VMD Method Based on BAS Optimization Algorithm for Incipient Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Table 7

The PFEs obtained by different methods.

Methodology	Inner raceway fault fi			Outer raceway fault fo			Rolling element fault fb
	R1i	R2i	R1i + R2i	R1o	R2o	R1o + R2o	R1b	R2b	R1b + R2b
The proposed method	0.496	0.497	0.993	0.902	0.924	1.826	0.395	0.402	0.797
EMD	0.256	0.268	0.524	0.571	0.425	0.996	0.290	0.355	0.645
Fixed-parameter VMD	0.151	0.263	0.414	0.069	0.461	0.530	0.058	0.088	0.146