Parameter-Adaptive VMD Method Based on BAS Optimization Algorithm for Incipient Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Table 8

The testing results of ELM.

Methodology	Testing error					Testing accuracy
	Normal	Inner raceway fault	Outer raceway fault	Rolling element fault	Total
The proposed method	2/20	3/20	1/20	0/20	6/80	92.5%
EMD	2/20	5/20	2/20	0/20	9/80	88.75%
Fixed-parameter VMD	4/20	9/20	5/20	5/20	23/80	71.25%