Does Foreign Direct Investment Impact Energy Intensity? Evidence from Developing Countries

Table 1

Measurement and sources of variables.

	Variable		Measurement	Source
Explained variable	Energy intensity	EI	Total energy consumption/GDP	World Bank
Explanatory variable	Foreign direct investment	FDI	Net inflows of FDI/GDP	World Bank
Control variable	Innovation capacity	Inno	log (patent applications per million people)	WIPO Statistics Database
	Economic development level	LnperGDP	log (GDP per capita)	World Bank
	Trade openness	Trade	Total trade/GDP	World Bank
	Energy structure	Ener	Renewable energy consumption/total final energy consumption	EPS macrodatabase
	Industrial structure	Indus	Output value of the secondary industry/GDP	EPS macrodatabase