Research Article

Does Foreign Direct Investment Impact Energy Intensity? Evidence from Developing Countries

Table 7

Linearity tests.

H0: r = 0 vs. H1: r = 1BRICSNon-BRICS

Wald tests (LM)50.950 (0.000)42.409 (0.000)
Fisher tests (LMF)14.237 (0.000)7.968 (0.000)
LRT tests (LRT)68.431 (0.000)46.626 (0.000)

Notes. values are shown in parentheses. Moreover, r is the number of transition functions.