Aerodynamic Design Optimization of Transonic Natural-Laminar-Flow Airfoil at Low Reynolds Number

Table 1

Aerodynamic characteristics for the original and optimized airfoils at on-design point.

Characteristics	NASA SC (2)-0712	GPSO	MCPSO
Drag coefficient	0.016678	0.013505	0.013394
Lift-to-drag ratio	41.97	51.83	52.26
Maximum thickness	12%	12%	12%