Fast Atom Search Algorithm for Reactive Power Optimization of Power Grid with High-Penetration Wind and Solar Energies

Table 1

The ranges of control variables applied in the extended IEEE 9 and IEEE 39-bus systems.

Test systems	Terminal voltage of generators (p.u.)	Capacity of SVC (Mvar)	Reactive power output of wind energy (Mvar)	Reactive power output of solar energy (Mvar)	Tap ratio of the transformers
IEEE 9-bus	[1, 1.05]	[1, 5]	[−7.62, 9.09]	[−7.55, 7.55]	—
IEEE 39-bus	[1, 1.07]	—	[−7.62, 9.09]	[−7.55, 7.55]	[0.96, 0.97, 0.98, …, 1.07]