Dynamic Neighborhood-Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Multimodal Problems

Figure 4

Distributions of Pbests of DNPSO and LIPS on different stages of F6. (a) Iteration 1 of DNPSO. (b) Iteration 1 of LIPS. (c) Iteration 5 of DNPSO. (d) Iteration 5 of LIPS. (e) Iteration 10 of DNPSO. (f) Iteration 10 of LIPS. (g) Iteration 15 of DNPSO. (h) Iteration 15 of LIPS.

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