Dynamic Neighborhood-Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Multimodal Problems

Table 1

Benchmark instances.

	Function	D	Decision space	No. of global/ local optima	Peak height
F1	Equal maxima	1	x[0 1]	5/0	1
F2	Uneven decreasing maxima	1	x[0 1]	¼	1
F3	Six-hump camel back	2	x1[−1.9 1.9]	2/2	1.0316
			x2[−1.1 1.1]
F4	Shubert	2	X[−10, 10]^2	18/many	186.731
	Shubert	3	X[−10, 10]^3	81/many	2709.093
F5	Vincent	2	X [0.25, 10]^2	36	1
F6	Modified Rastrigin	2	X[0, 1]^D	12/0	-2
F7	Composition function 3	5/10	X[−5, 5]^D	6/many	0
F8	Composition function 4	5/10	X[−5, 5]^D	8/many	0