Dynamic Neighborhood-Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Multimodal Problems

Table 5

Peak ratios (PRs) achieved from the compared algorithms.

	PR	DNPSO	LIPS	EMO-MMO	R2PSO	R3PSO	NCDE	NSDE	VNCDE
F1	Mean	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.99	1.00
	Std	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Test	\	=	=	=	=	=	=	=
F2	Mean	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	Std	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Test	\	=	=	=	=	=	=	=
F3	Mean	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	Std	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Test	\	=	=	=	=	=	=	=
F4 (2D)	Mean	1.00	0.75	1.00	0.53	0.69	0.14	0.27	0.96
	Std	0.00	0.22	0.00	0.11	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.01
	Test	\	+	=	+	+	+	+	=
F4 (3D)	Mean	0.69	0.49	0.80	0.32	0.28	0.68	0.13	0.74
	Std	0.14	0.03	0.23	0.10	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.13
	Test	\	+	=	+	+	=	+	=
F5	Mean	1.00	0.20	1.00	0.01	0.16	0.50	0.06	0.55
	Std	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.05
	Test	\	+	=	+	+	+	+	+
F6	Mean	1.00	0.84	1.00	0.88	0.87	1.00	0.40	1.00
	Std	0.00	0.13	0.00	0.01	0.11	0.00	0.01	0.00
	Test	\	+	=	=	=	=	+	=
F7 (5D)	Mean	0.70	0.41	0.60	0.14	0.13	0.26	0.35	0.70
	Std	0.01	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02
	Test	\	+	=	+	+	+	+	=
F7 (10D)	Mean	0.54	0.20	0.66	0.06	0.37	0.63	0.52	0.66
	Std	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.09	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00
	Test	\	+	−	+	−	=	=	−
F8 (5D)	Mean	0.38	0.09	0.19	0.00	0.02	0.10	0.11	0.37
	Std	0.01	0.09	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.12	0.11
	Test	\	+	+	+	+	+	+	=
F8 (10D)	Mean	0.16	0.06	0.12	0.00	0.05	0.24	0.12	0.29
	Std	0.10	0.02	0.08	0.00	0.10	0.21	0.15	0.33
	Test	\	+	=	+	+	=	=	−
Win/tie/lose		\	8/3/0	1/9/1	7/4/0	6/4/1	4/7/0	6/5/0	1/8/2
Rank		2.81	5.18	2.86	6.27	5.90	4.32	5.95	2.68