Joint Effect of the Nonlinearity of Elastic Foundations and the Variation of the Inertia Ratio on Buckling Behavior of Prismatic and Nonprismatic Columns Using a GDQ Method

Figure 3

Three end conditions for classical Euler column. (a) For clamped-simply supported column (fixed/pinned ends). (b) For clamped-clamped supported column (fixed ends). (c) For simply-simply supported column (pinned ends).

(a)

(b)

(c)