Design and Numerical Solutions of a Novel Third-Order Nonlinear Emden–Fowler Delay Differential Model

Figure 1

Optimization variables, learning curves, and comparison of results of the GA-AS scheme for nonlinear EF-DD equations (1) and (2) of type 1. (a) Set of best weights and current function values for 10 neurons based on third-order nonlinear EF-DD equation (1). (b) Set of best weights and current function values for 10 neurons based on third-order nonlinear EF-DD equation (2). (c) Comparison of the numerical and exact solutions of third-order nonlinear EF-DD equation (1). (d) Comparison of the numerical and exact solutions of third-order nonlinear EF-DD equation (2).

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