Enhancing Satellite Clock Bias Prediction Accuracy in the Case of Jumps with an Improved Grey Model

Table 2

MAE values and its percentage improvements of the three models.

Time	M1 (ns)	M2 (ns)	NM (ns)	Improvement (%)
				NM-M1	NM-M2
12 h	1.43	1.35	1.27	11.2	5.90
24 h	2.24	3.37	1.92	14.3	43.00
3 d	6.89	8.37	2.93	57.50	65.00
5 d	13.84	11.37	2.50	81.90	78.00
14 d	43.95	23.95	4.63	89.50	80.70
28 d	73.55	51.54	7.60	89.70	85.30

M1, ARMA model; M2, conventional GM(1, 1) model; NM, improved method.