Abstract
In this paper, a class of systems for epidemic contagion is considered. An epidemic virus ecological model is described. Using the generalized variation iteration method, the corresponding approximate solution to the nonlinear system is obtained and the method for this approximate solution is pointed out. The accuracy of approximate solution is discussed, and it can control the epidemic virus transmission by using the parameters of the system. Thus, it has the value for practical application.
1. Introduction
Many results on epidemic virus transmission have been studied in the medical science and ecological environment [1–4]. There is a model of the nonlinear differential system for its basic physical phenomena. Currently, the solving method of the nonlinear epidemic virus population system is an important field [5–8].
The nonlinear differential system is an attractive investigated subject. Adams et al. considered the possible “shock” patterns that can exist in the solution to a singular perturbed, third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation arising as the travelling-wave reduction of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. In particular, the existence (or otherwise) of oscillatory shocks and multiple shocks made up of combinations of oscillatory and monotonic shocks is examined, using an optimal truncation strategy to track crucial exponential small terms lying beyond all orders of the (divergent) algebraic expansion. The results provide further understanding of numerical solutions previously obtained by others, as well as giving a methodology which is applicable to much broader classes of differential equations exhibiting multiscale phenomena; they also afford the same new insight into the multiscales technique [9]. Bell and Deng studied singular perturbation of N-front traveling waves in the Fitzhugh–Nagumo equations [10]. Many approximate methods have been developed, such as the boundary layer method, the matched asymptotic method, and the multiple scales method. Many scholars have performed a great deal of work [11–21]. The authors also studied a class of ecological environment systems, such as HIV transmission, the solitary wave, the reaction diffusion system, and the model of prey and predator [22–28].
He proposed a novel variational approach for limit cycles of a kind of nonlinear oscillators. Some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of the method. The obtained results are valid for the whole solution domain with high accuracy [29]. Tao et al. discussed the variational approach and the Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear oscillators systematically. They gave an extension of the methods to a singular nonlinear oscillator by the iteration perturbation method [30]. In this paper, using the generalized variational iteration method, we study a class of epidemic virus population systems.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we studied a class of epidemic virus transmission population systems and then introduced the names of the variables in the equation and the boundary conditions. In Section 3, we constructed the generalized variation iterations, obtained the first approximations, used the same method, from the generalized variation iterations and the variation principle, and obtained higher-order approximate solution sequences to the system, and these sequences converge uniformly. In Section 4, we gave an example, using the generalized variation iteration method and we obtained the approximate solution to the system. In Section 5, we solved asymptotic expansions to the epidemic virus transmission population dynamic system by using the perturbation method. Comparing the obtained approximate solutions by using two methods, we see that the approximate solution to the epidemic virus transmission population dynamic system by using the method of the generalized functional variational iteration possesses a good accuracy. In Section 6, we considered the virus transmission parameters, obtained the simulated curves for the approximate solution, and took measures to control the virus transmission. In Section 7, we obtained a conclusion, simplified the basic model, and solved it by using the approximate method. The method of the generalized variational iteration is simple and valid.
2. Epidemic Virus Population System
The following is a class of epidemic virus transmission population systems [5, 6]:where , , and are the numbers of the sufferer population, susceptible population, and potential population in the broken area, respectively, is the time, is an immigrate rate of the sufferer population, is a\the natural death rate, and are the death rate of susceptible and potential populations, respectively, is the change rate of the sufferer population changed into the potential population, and is the lost rate of immunity in potential population. The abovementioned is a nonnegative constant, other parameters are positive constants, , and and are nonlinear infectiousness for the sufferer population and potential population, respectively. Also, is a sufficiently smooth function in . Specially, nonlinear function possesses the following bounds:and so on.
3. Generalized Variation Iteration System
In order to obtain the approximate solution to systems (1)–(3), we introduce a set of functional [27, 28]:where , and are the restricted variables of , and , respectively, while are the Lagrange multiplicators.
Compute the variations of functional and equate to zero as follows:
From equations (8)–(10), we have
From problems (11) and (12), we obtain
From equations (5)–(7) and (13)–(15), we can construct the following generalized variation iterations:
First, we select a set of initial approximations . Also, it is a set of solutions to the linear system as follows:
It is easy to obtain a set of solutions to systems (19)–(21), so we havewhere are the arbitrary constants, which can be decided by the conditions of systems (1)–(3).
From equations (16)–(18), we can obtain the first approximations:
Using the same method, from generalized variation iterations (16)–(18), we can obtain higher-order approximate solution to systems (1)–(3).
From the generalized variation iterations (16)–(18) and the variation principle, we can obtain sequences , and . Also, these sequences converge uniformly [31, 32].
Let
Thus, we have the following theorem.
Theorem 1. If is a sufficiently smooth bounded function in , where is a sufficiently large constant, andthen is the exact solution to systems (1)–(3) in .
4. Example
For convenience, from (1)–(3), we set that . Thus, we consider the following example:
Using the generalized variation iteration method, we can obtain the approximate solution to systems (30)–(32).
From equations (22)–(24), we have the initial approximate solution to systems (30)–(32). Also, we havewhere we can take .
From equations (25)–(27) and (33) and (34), we can obtain the first approximations:
Using the same method, from generalized variation iterations (33)–(35), we can obtain the higher-order approximate solution to systems (5)–(7), and their constructions are omitted.
5. Accuracy of Approximate Solution
Now, we assume the absolute nondimensional parameters to systems (30)–(32). From Figures 1–3, we show the simulated curves: the real curve is the exact solution and the approximation curve is the first approximation solution .
On the other hand, we can also solve asymptotic expansions to epidemic virus transmission population dynamic systems (30)–(32) by using the perturbation method.
Let the solution to systems (30)–(32) have the following form:Substituting equation (39) into systems (30)–(32), developing nonlinear terms in , equating coefficients of the same powers of , and letting initial values be for systems (30)–(32), we can obtain successively. For , we have
Substituting equations (39)–(42) into expansions (30)–(32), we obtain the first-order perturbed solution to systems (30)–(32):
Comparing obtained approximate solutions (36)–(38) with (43)–(45) by using the above two methods, respectively, we observe that they are the same for the first-order precision . Therefore, we can see that the approximate solution to epidemic virus transmission population dynamic systems (30)–(32) by using the method of the generalized functional variational iteration possesses a good accuracy.
6. Change Virus Transmission Parameters
We can obtain the simulated curves for the approximate solution and take measures to control the virus transmission.
Now, we assume the absolute nondimensional parameters of systems (25)–(27) as follows:(1)Take the virus transmission parameters as , or , and , respectively. We can obtain the simulated curves , and (see Figures 4–6). Also, we show the simulated curves of , and , respectively, where the real curve is the case as and the ′′ curve is the case as .(2)Take the virus transmission parameters as , and or , respectively. We can obtain the simulated curves , and (see Figures 7–9). Also, we show the simulated curves of , and , respectively, where the real curve is the case as and the ′′ curve is the case as .
Thus, from Figures 4–9, we can use the parameters to control the virus transmission.
7. Conclusions
The epidemic virus transmission is a complicated phenomenon. Hence, we need to simplify the basic model and solve it by using the approximate method. The method of the generalized variational iteration is simple and valid.
The generalized variational iteration is an approximate method, which differs from the general numerical method. The expansion of the solution can also be used analytically. Thus, we can further study the qualitative and quantitative behaviors of the epidemic virus transmission population for the infected and the susceptible populations in the broken area.
Data Availability
The authors declare that the data in the article are available, shareable, and referenced. Readers can check each article at http://apps.webofknowledge.com/.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Authors’ Contributions
Feng Yi-Hu and Hou Lei wrote the original draft.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 11271247; the Key Project of Support Program for Excellent Youth Talent in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province under grant no. gxyqZD2016520; the Key Project for Natural Science Research of Universities in Anhui Province under grant nos. KJ2015A347, KJ2017A702, and KJ2019A1300; the Key Project for Teaching Research in Anhui Province under grant nos. 2018jyxm0594, 2016jyxm0677, and 2017jyxm0591; the Key Project for Teaching Research of Bozhou University under grant no. 2017zdjy02; and the Key Project for the Natural Science Research of Bozhou University under grant nos. BYZ2017B02 and BYZ2017B03.