Evolution Laws for Frozen Wall Formation under Conditions of Sudden Seepage

Figure 4

Design of the model tank. (a) Top view of the model tank. (b) Side view of the model tank. 1, seepage entrance; 2, clay layer; 3, soils; 4, freezing pipe; 5, percolation filter layer; 6, export of seepage; 7, cement mortar; 8, seepage velocity tube; 9, temperature measurement plane.

(a)

(b)