Alternative to Oil and Gas: Review of Economic Benefits and Potential of Wind Power in Pakistan

Table 6

External cost and Loss of life of different sources of technologies.

Technology	External cost (EU cent/kwh)^a	External cost (US cent/kwh)^b	LLE (days)^c
Solar	0.60	0.834	0.1^d
Wind	0.19	0.2641	0.1^d
Hydro	0.54	0.7506	2.3
Biomass	2.01	2.7939	3.5
Coal	5.71	7.9369	8.4
Oil	5.70	7.923	4.5
Gas	1.85	2.5715	0.8
Nuclear	0.39	0.5421	0.8

Source: ^aExternE; ^bEuros converted into US dollars (1 Euro = US $1.39, as of March 2014); ^c[4]; ^dNegligible (i.e., <1.0), hence an estimate of 0.1 was used.