Research Article
Nonlinear Dynamic Feature Extraction Based on Phase Space Reconstruction for the Classification of Speech and Emotion
Table 6
Confusion matrix for the Berlin-DB emotional speech recognition for four feature types.
| | Prosody | Detected emotion | | Emotional state | Happy | Sadness | Neutral | Anger | Fear | | True emotion | Happy | 35 | 1 | 6 | 23 | 6 | | Sadness | 35 | 46 | 12 | 1 | 1 | | Neutral | 2 | 8 | 56 | 3 | 10 | | Anger | 14 | 1 | 2 | 64 | 1 | | Fear | 11 | 5 | 13 | 15 | 25 | | NLD-1 | |
| | Emotional state | Happy | Sadness | Neutral | Anger | Fear | | True emotion | Happy | 34 | 0 | 4 | 18 | 5 | | Sadness | 0 | 47 | 14 | 0 | 1 | | Neutral | 0 | 3 | 67 | 0 | 9 | | Anger | 20 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 3 | | Fear | 7 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 45 | | MFCC | |
| | Emotional state | Happy | Sadness | Neutral | Anger | Fear | | True emotion | Happy | 48 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 | | Sadness | 0 | 59 | 3 | 0 | 0 | | Neutral | 2 | 2 | 71 | 0 | 4 | | Anger | 12 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 1 | | Fear | 11 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 45 | | NLD-2 | |
| | Emotional state | Happy | Sadness | Neutral | Anger | Fear | | True emotion | Happy | 50 | 0 | 6 | 8 | 7 | | Sadness | 3 | 48 | 8 | 0 | 3 | | Neutral | 8 | 4 | 54 | 0 | 13 | | Anger | 16 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 2 | | Fear | 14 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 37 |
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