Optimal Strategies for CLSC considering Supply Disruption and Carbon Tax

Table 2

Parameter definition.

Symbol	Meaning
a, θ	Parameters of the buyback cost function
b, ψ	Parameters of the recycling rate function
c, δ	Parameters of the remanufacturing cost function
D	Demand rate
(1 − β) D	Manufacturing rate
(1 − γ) D	Remanufacturing rate
d1 (d2)	Purchasing cost per unit of raw materials charged by major (secondary) suppliers
Craw	Purchasing cost for raw material per unit of one manufactured product
hs (hr, hraw)	Holding cost of serviceable (returned, raw materials) stock
Cn	Manufacturing cost
P	Buyback cost ratio
D	Return rate
Ω	Probability of supply disruption of major raw material suppliers
Α	Marginal recycling rate
Sm (Sn)	Installation cost for remanufacturing (manufacturing)
em ( en)	The amount of carbon emissions from unit remanufactured (manufactured) goods
C1	Cost of carbon tax per unit emission
Tm (Tn)	Time required to produce remanufactured (manufactured) products
C0	Ordering cost

T, m, n, and q are decision variables in this paper, where T means one cycle time of manufacturing and remanufacturing system; m presents number of remanufactures in a cycle, while n is number of manufactures, and q is the required minimum quality level of returned products.