Role of Technology in Sustainable Gambling: Policy Effects of Electronic Card System and Limit Setting

Table 1

Comparison between mandatory-type and autonomous-type venues in horse betting.

Category			Types		Analysis of difference
			Mandatory	Autonomous	t-value	Significance level
% of cash/cards among total number of tickets issued		Cash	86.85	89.40	1.508	0.070
		Electronic cards	13.15	10.60	−1.508
% of cash/cards among total revenue		Cash	88.66	90.54	1.663	0.053
		Electronic cards	11.34	9.46	−1.663
Avg. betting per ticket issued (KRW)		Cash	12,597	14,307	11.550	0.000
		Electronic cards	10,866	13,135	6.138	0.000
Avg. betting per person (KRW)		Cash	479,493	546,038	7.050	0.000
		Electronic cards	61,284	56,888	−0.697	0.245
Avg. number of tickets issued per person		Cash	38.08	38.19	0.150	0.441
		Electronic cards	5.79	4.55	−1.616	0.057
% of each betting range among total number of tickets issued	Cash	≤ KRW 30,000	90.26	90.16	−0.492	0.313
		> KRW 30,000; ≤ KRW 50,000	9.74	4.70	−27.014	0.000
		> KRW 50,000; ≤ KRW 70,000	0.00	1.26	97.404	0.000
		> KRW 70,000	0.00	3.88	56.254	0.000
	Electronic cards	≤ KRW 30,000	94.82	92.80	−5.404	0.000
		> KRW 30,000; ≤ KRW 50,000	3.47	4.42	4.222	0.000
		> KRW 50,000; ≤ KRW 70,000	0.76	1.27	8.825	0.000
		> KRW 70,000	0.95	1.51	5.233	0.000