Grid Impact Assessment of Centralized and Decentralized Photovoltaic-Based Distribution Generation: A Case Study of Power Distribution Network with High Renewable Energy Penetration

Table 5

Cost and system assumptions.

Variable	Quantity	Unit
Electricity selling price (both cases)	0.10	$/kWh
Operation and maintenance (O & M; both cases)	25	$/kW/year
Civil works (centralized PV system)	$76,412.64	$
Maintenance engineers (both cases)	1,000	$/month
Inflation rate (both cases)	3%	—
Minimum attractive rate of return (both cases)	12%	—
Tax rate (both cases)	10%	—
Price of PV system (rooftop)	700	$/kW
Price of PV system (land)	850	$/kW
Plant power substation (centralized PV system)	$45,847.58	$
Yield factor of PV system	1750	kWh/kW/year
Roof rent	6	$/m^2/year
Land	$42,313.65	$/dunam
Degradation	0.8	%/year
Salvage value	0	$
Operational period	20	Year