Structural Optimization Design of Ship Lock Heads on Soft Soil considering Time-Varying Effects of the Structure and Foundation

Table 4

Results of optimization.

Volume (m^3)	PSO	WOA	DE	EWOA	PSO-DE	PSO-EWOA-DE
Initial design	3338.04	3338.04	3338.04	3338.04	3338.04	3338.04
Optimal design	3031.81	3019.49	3011.39	2994.07	2992.55	2989.30
Decreasing ratio	9.17%	9.54%	9.79%	10.30%	10.35%	10.45%