Biobjective Optimization-Based Frequency Regulation of Power Grids with High-Participated Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems

Figure 7

(a) The payment under four disturbance cases. Comparison of regulated output power of new energy units and ESRs before and after optimization: (b) under a continuous and short-time interval step load disturbance and (c) under a continuous and long-time interval step load disturbance.

(a)

(b)

(c)