Biobjective Optimization-Based Frequency Regulation of Power Grids with High-Participated Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems

Table 2

The execution procedure of SPEA2 for BOCC.

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Input: The total power regulation command for the current control interval.

1: Initialize the parameters of SPEA2;

2: Initialize the parent population and archive of SPEA2;

3: Calculate the initial dispatch solution by equations (1)–(7);

4: Compute the objective function for each individual by equations (8)–(10);

5: Evaluate the fitness function for each individual by equation (11);

6: Merge the generation population and the generation archived population into one.

7: Calculate the parameters of the new set by equations (12)–(16);

8: Compare the number of noninferior solutions and archive size, and then perform the truncation or reproduction to fill the archive set.

9: Generate the offspring population by applying recombination and mutation operators to the set

10: If the termination condition of SPEA2 is satisfied, then go to the next step; otherwise, return to Step 4;

11: Find the best compromise solution from multiple solutions in Pareto solution set by grey target decision-making theory in equation (17)–(25).

Output: The best power regulation inputs for all AGC units.

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