Biobjective Optimization-Based Frequency Regulation of Power Grids with High-Participated Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems

Table 5

Comparison of performance metrics of algorithms.

	Function		IGD	GD	PD	HV	DM	Spread	Spacing	T (s)
50 W	NNIA	Ave	8.50	1.01	3.36E + 05	0.572	0.726	0.663	6.04	7.33E − 02
		Std	2.96	0.29	7.18E + 04	0.004	0.059	0.085	1.06	1.34E − 03
	NSGAII	Ave	11.23	0.94	2.99E + 05	0.571	0.684	0.696	4.96	6.50E − 02
		Std	5.16	0.26	5.21E + 04	0.008	0.047	0.064	0.69	2.58E − 03
	SPAR2	Ave	11.08	0.64	2.85E + 05	0.573	0.752	0.475	3.62	6.49 E − 02
		Std	5.33	0.17	7.60E + 04	0.007	0.076	0.090	0.79	1.92E − 03
	SPEAR	Ave	12.20	0.98	2.47E + 05	0.562	0.634	0.826	9.01	6.63E − 02
		Std	4.17	0.34	3.47E + 04	0.006	0.057	0.076	2.06	2.98E − 03
−50 W	NNIA	Ave	12.54	0.66	2.18E + 05	0.485	0.689	0.735	5.44	7.79E − 02
		Std	11.87	0.15	2.47E + 04	0.003	0.065	0.070	1.23	5.13E − 03
	NSGAII	Ave	14.68	0.37	2.15E + 05	0.485	0.663	0.759	4.73	6.48E − 02
		Std	11.37	0.14	3.38E + 04	0.007	0.079	0.056	1.05	2.87E − 03
	SPAR2	Ave	22.35	0.45	1.74E + 05	0.479	0.692	0.523	2.96	6.47 E − 02
		Std	25.49	0.11	3.52E + 04	0.009	0.151	0.143	0.87	2.46 E − 03
	SPEAR	Ave	13.12	0.61	2.15E + 05	0.487	0.612	0.879	7.76	6.70E − 02
		Std	6.04	0.15	4.79E + 04	0.004	0.062	0.067	2.30	2.84E − 03