Biobjective Optimization-Based Frequency Regulation of Power Grids with High-Participated Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems

Table 6

Result comparison of online optimization under different disturbances.

	Method	|ACE| (MW)		(Hz)		CPS1 (%)		Deviation (MW)	Accuracy (%)	Payment ($)
		Avg	Max	Avg	Max	Avg	Min
70 MW	PROP	0.89	11.17	4.78E − 04	5.73E − 03	199.99	199.82	550.06	81.34	165.58
	SPEA2	0.88	11.06	4.52E − 04	5.67E − 03	199.99	199.82	383.36	81.87	130.09
−50 MW	PROP	0.64	8.09	3.46E − 04	4.15E − 03	199.99	199.90	426.14	81.19	97.87
	SPEA2	0.61	6.93	3.04E − 04	3.58E − 03	199.99	199.93	53.36	82.87	126.95
Disturb 1 (see Figure 8(a))	PROP	4.72	11.33	2.38E − 03	5.81E − 03	199.96	199.81	2854.38	74.23	816.35
	SPEA2	4.42	9.95	2.24E − 03	5.12E − 03	199.96	199.85	1544.57	82.73	632.56
Disturb 2 (see Figure 9(a))	PROP	1.92	8.09	8.71E − 04	4.15E − 03	199.99	199.90	1240.69	70.31	311.12
	SPEA2	1.82	6.95	8.01E − 04	3.59E − 03	199.99	199.93	411.56	78.75	281.25