Research Article

Determinants of Blockchain Technology Adoption in Supply Chains by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India

Table 2

Questionnaire items.

ConstructIDItem

Relative advantageRA1Blockchain technology enables transparency of data across various supply chain participants
RA2Blockchain technology allows tracking of the route of the material from its origin to the delivery point
RA3Blockchain technology provides the availability of data with an exact timestamp
RA4Blockchain technology enables a verifiable record of each and every transaction across the supply chain

Technology compatibilityTC1The current hardware and software infrastructure in our organization can be compatible with blockchain technology
TC2The use of blockchain technology is consistent with our organization’s culture and values
TC3The changes introduced by blockchain technology are consistent with the existing practices in our organization

Complexity of technologyCX1The skills necessary for using blockchain technology are too complicated for our staff
CX2It is difficult to learn how to apply blockchain technology in supply chain management
CX3The tools of blockchain technology are not easy to use

Technology readinessTR1Our organization understands how blockchain technology can support our supply chains
TR2Our organization is dedicated to acquiring the required managerial and technical skills for implementing blockchain technology in supply chains
TR3Our organization is dedicated to ensuring that employees are regularly updated with knowledge on blockchain technology
TR4Our organization adequately understands how to utilize blockchain technology in supply chains

Top management supportTOP1Our top management supports the implementation of blockchain technology
TOP2Our top management is ready to provide the necessary resources for the introduction of blockchain technology
TOP3Our top management is willing to take the possible risks involved in the adoption of blockchain technology

Security concernsSC1Degree of organization’s concern with data security while using blockchain technology
SC2Degree of organization’s concern with the security of online transactions while using blockchain technology
SC3Degree of organization’s concern about privacy while using blockchain technology

Cost concernsCA1Blockchain technology adoption requires high hardware and software facility costs
CA2Blockchain technology adoption requires a high cost of training and recruiting
CA3Blockchain technology adoption requires high up-front investment costs
Perceived usefulnessPU1Using blockchain technology will allow us to improve supply chain performance
PU2Using blockchain technology will allow us to improve supply chain productivity
PU3Using blockchain technology will allow us to improve supply chain efficiency

Perceived ease of usePEOU1It is easy-to-use blockchain technology
PEOU2The features of blockchain technology are clear and understandable
PEOU3As compared to conventional ways of supply chain management, blockchain technology can be used with more ease

Government supportGS1The government actively supports the adoption of blockchain technology
GS2The government policies are in favor of the adoption of blockchain technology by the industry
GS3There is a legal framework to solve disputes arising out of the use of blockchain technology
GS4The regulations are sufficient to protect the use of blockchain technology

Vendor supportVS1Blockchain technology vendors are providing incentives to our organization for the adoption of their products and services
VS2Blockchain technology vendors provide our organization with adequate technical support for blockchain technology adoption
VS3Blockchain technology vendors provide our organization with appropriate training for the use of this technology

Adoption intentionAI1Our organization intends to adopt blockchain technology in supply chain management in the near future
AI2Our organization intends to digitally transform the supply chain management in the near future
AI3Our organization is likely to use blockchain technology in supply chain management on a regular basis in the near future