Research Article

Optimal Allocation Model of Virtual Power Plant Capacity considering Electric Vehicles

Table 2

Summary of parameters and variables.

Parameter

The output of the j-th wind turbine at time t, kWWind speed at time t, m/s
Cut-in wind speed of the j-th wind turbine, m/sCut-out wind speed of the j-th wind turbine, m/s
Rated wind speed of the j-th wind turbine, m/sPhotoelectric conversion efficiency, %
The area of photovoltaic panels, m2Light intensity,
Conversion efficiency of thermal power generating units, %Transferable load Boolean variable
Original load, kWAverage travel distance of category k electric vehicles
Standard deviation distance of category k electric vehiclesThe minimum state of charge of electric vehicles
Unit investment and construction cost of wind turbine, $Unit investment and construction cost of photovoltaic panels, $
Unit investment and construction cost of thermal power generating unit, $Investment and construction cost of unit fast charge charging pile, $
Investment and construction cost of unit slow charge charging pile, $Investment and construction cost of unit energy storage system, $
Operation and maintenance rate of wind turbine, %Operation and maintenance rate of photovoltaic panels, %
Operation and maintenance rate of fast-charging pile, %Operation and maintenance rate of slow-charging pile, %
Operation and maintenance rate of thermal power generating units, %Operation and maintenance rate of wind turbine, $
Operation and maintenance rate of photovoltaic panels, $Operation and maintenance rate of fast-charging pile, $
Operation and maintenance rate of slow-charging pile, $Operation and maintenance rate of thermal power generating units, $
Unit interruptible load compensation cost, $/kWUnit transferable load compensation cost, $/kW

Variable
Number of wind turbines in scenario Number of thermal power generating in scenario
Number of photovoltaic panels in scenario Number of energy storage systems in scenario
Number of fast-charging piles in scenario Number of slow-charging piles in scenario
The output of the j-th wind turbine at time t, kWThe output of photovoltaic panels at time t, kW
Fast-charging load of the j-th electric vehicle at time t, kWSlow-charging load of the j-th electric vehicle at time t, kW
The output of the j-th thermal power generating unit at time t, kWEnergy storage system discharge power at time t in scenario ; kW
Purchase electricity from the grid at time t, kWEnergy storage system charge power at time t in scenario , kW
Sell electricity from the grid at time t, kW

Acronyms
CVaRConditional value-at-riskVaRValue-at-risk
VPPVirtual power plantEVElectric vehicle