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| Variables and parameters | Interpretation of variables and parameters |
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| is a subset of place of origin |
| is a subset of distribution center |
| is a subset of retailer |
| The output of place of origin , |
| The unit production cost of fresh products at place of origin , |
| The cargo handling capacity of distribution center , |
| The unit cost of products handled by the distribution center, |
| Fixed cost of the distribution center, |
| Distribution volume from place of origin to distribution center, |
| Distribution volume from distribution center to retailer, |
| Demand of retailer market, |
| The unit freight for road transportation from the place of origin to the distribution center, |
| The unit freight for railway transportation from the place of origin to the distribution center, |
| The distance coefficient from the place of origin to the distribution center. The value of can be 400, 500, or 600, which indicates the distance |
| The unit freight from distribution center to retailer, |
| Transportation distance from the place of origin to distribution center, |
| Transportation distance from distribution center to retailer, |
| Fixed cost of refrigerated truck, |
| The number of refrigerated trucks required for the transportation from the distribution center to the retailer |
| The transportation time from the distribution center to the retailer, |
| Speed of refrigerated truck, |
| Actual load capacity of refrigerated truck, |
| The unit disposal cost of the retailer for dealing with spoiled fresh products, |
| The carbon footprint of fresh products during the production process, |
| The carbon footprint of each unit of products during the road transportation from the place of production to the distribution center, |
| The carbon footprint of each unit of products during the railway transportation from the place of production to the distribution center, |
| The carbon footprint of unit product processing in the distribution center, |
| The carbon footprint of unit product of a refrigerated truck at a speed of m km/h, |
| The tax rate of the supply chain of fresh products’ carbon footprint, |
| Freshness parameter of fresh products over time, % |
| The corrosion rate of fresh products over time, % |
| The hourly wage of refrigerated truck driver, |
| The time window of retailer |
| The moment when the vehicle arrives at retailer |
| The cost per unit time, |
| Penalty cost coefficient for late receipt |
| Waiting cost coefficient for early arrival |
| (decision variables) | The 0-1 decision variable determined by , , |
| (decision variables) | Contact status of the place of origin and distribution center |
| (decision variables) | Contact status of the distribution center and the retailer |
| (decision variables) | The status of the distribution center; when in operation, , , and are 1; otherwise, , , and are 0 |
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