Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

Figure 10

The deformation characteristics of the monitoring points in the area between the collapse pit and the open-pit mining. (a) The displacement of vertical and horizontal. (b) The horizontal deformation. (c) The inclined deformation. (d) The curvature deformation.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)