Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

Figure 6

The monitoring points deformation characteristics in numerical model with backfilling. (a) The horizontal displacement. (b) The vertical displacement. (c) The horizontal deformation. (d) The inclined deformation. (e) The curvature deformation.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)