Dataset Denoising Based on Manifold Assumption

<div>Local weights in the neighborhood. <svg height="11.7156pt" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.28196pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.43364 18.4419 11.7156" width="18.4419pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M969 650H734V615C815 608 819 591 805 531C791 472 750 316 712 193H709C654 339 597 492 541 644H493C447 490 397 339 349 197H347C313 307 279 424 246 541C232 592 233 606 308 615V650H13V615C72 607 89 593 113 515C169 337 218 169 273 -11H325C373 133 424 282 475 433H477C533 281 586 138 641 -11H693C777 269 836 443 858 508C886 591 902 605 969 615V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.775,3.132)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g></svg> is the weight of the linear representation of <svg height="11.5564pt" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 22.6609 11.5564" width="22.6609pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.242,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.74,0)"><path d="M494 0V32C450 38 426 53 393 105L296 260C330 305 354 338 375 361C411 396 421 401 476 410V442H293V410C332 402 337 394 323 371C311 351 295 324 274 293L227 371C213 393 218 402 252 410V442H16V410C70 402 80 391 108 344L196 199C166 159 140 123 115 95C81 54 61 43 7 32V0H196V32C156 41 150 53 167 81C182 105 199 138 219 166L269 79C287 49 283 38 245 32V0H494Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.03,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> by <svg height="13.0127pt" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.72437pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 25.6318 13.0127" width="25.6318pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.242,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.74,0)"><path d="M483 442H303V410C352 401 362 388 351 355C333 298 299 198 276 142L201 363C190 396 197 401 240 410V442H-7V410C40 403 52 391 70 348C89 304 144 162 196 18C202 1 204 -14 199 -30C196 -41 190 -53 180 -71C161 -103 138 -122 99 -143C78 -156 71 -165 71 -181C71 -217 114 -245 142 -245C158 -245 172 -240 179 -218C196 -162 216 -99 284 63C342 202 375 285 400 338C425 392 435 402 483 410V442Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.808,3.675)"><path d="M148 517C189 517 220 549 220 587C220 627 189 657 149 657C111 657 78 627 78 587C78 549 111 517 148 517ZM285 0V32C225 39 220 45 220 114V454C164 438 98 425 37 418V389C85 381 92 378 92 312V114C92 43 86 39 28 32V0H285Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> that are in the neighborhood of <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 22.6609 11.5564" width="22.6609pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M542 56L520 58C483 62 478 72 478 124V449C455 445 422 441 387 438C351 435 316 432 287 431V402L318 395C345 389 350 383 350 336V93C328 71 306 65 279 65C245 65 211 88 211 153V298C211 356 211 407 214 449C187 445 151 441 118 438C84 435 53 432 28 431V402L51 395C77 388 83 383 83 337V130C83 42 131 -12 214 -12C245 -12 272 -1 300 18C322 31 333 41 350 55V-5L359 -12C389 -5 420 2 452 8C485 15 513 20 542 24V56Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.242,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.74,0)"><path d="M494 0V32C450 38 426 53 393 105L296 260C330 305 354 338 375 361C411 396 421 401 476 410V442H293V410C332 402 337 394 323 371C311 351 295 324 274 293L227 371C213 393 218 402 252 410V442H16V410C70 402 80 391 108 344L196 199C166 159 140 123 115 95C81 54 61 43 7 32V0H196V32C156 41 150 53 167 81C182 105 199 138 219 166L269 79C287 49 283 38 245 32V0H494Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.03,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> <svg height="11.6151pt" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.18146pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.43364 16.3959 11.6151" width="16.3959pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M969 650H734V615C815 608 819 591 805 531C791 472 750 316 712 193H709C654 339 597 492 541 644H493C447 490 397 339 349 197H347C313 307 279 424 246 541C232 592 233 606 308 615V650H13V615C72 607 89 593 113 515C169 337 218 169 273 -11H325C373 133 424 282 475 433H477C533 281 586 138 641 -11H693C777 269 836 443 858 508C886 591 902 605 969 615V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.775,3.132)"><path d="M52 442L22 406L27 394H92V108C92 45 88 39 30 32V0H302V32C227 39 220 45 220 108V394H321C335 401 339 431 335 442H220L218 477C214 562 214 597 220 616C224 631 233 642 251 642C279 642 311 617 335 593C345 583 355 583 369 593C384 605 395 618 399 629C406 644 405 659 391 673C374 689 349 701 309 703C261 697 226 679 190 649C133 601 112 553 105 531C97 507 92 486 92 464V442H52Z"></path></g></svg> is the weight of the linear representation of <svg height="11.5564pt" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 19.738 11.5564" width="19.738pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M52 442L22 406L27 394H92V108C92 45 88 39 30 32V0H302V32C227 39 220 45 220 108V394H321C335 401 339 431 335 442H220L218 477C214 562 214 597 220 616C224 631 233 642 251 642C279 642 311 617 335 593C345 583 355 583 369 593C384 605 395 618 399 629C406 644 405 659 391 673C374 689 349 701 309 703C261 697 226 679 190 649C133 601 112 553 105 531C97 507 92 486 92 464V442H52Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.319,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.817,0)"><path d="M494 0V32C450 38 426 53 393 105L296 260C330 305 354 338 375 361C411 396 421 401 476 410V442H293V410C332 402 337 394 323 371C311 351 295 324 274 293L227 371C213 393 218 402 252 410V442H16V410C70 402 80 391 108 344L196 199C166 159 140 123 115 95C81 54 61 43 7 32V0H196V32C156 41 150 53 167 81C182 105 199 138 219 166L269 79C287 49 283 38 245 32V0H494Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.107,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> by <svg height="13.0127pt" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-3.72437pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 22.7089 13.0127" width="22.7089pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M52 442L22 406L27 394H92V108C92 45 88 39 30 32V0H302V32C227 39 220 45 220 108V394H321C335 401 339 431 335 442H220L218 477C214 562 214 597 220 616C224 631 233 642 251 642C279 642 311 617 335 593C345 583 355 583 369 593C384 605 395 618 399 629C406 644 405 659 391 673C374 689 349 701 309 703C261 697 226 679 190 649C133 601 112 553 105 531C97 507 92 486 92 464V442H52Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.319,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.817,0)"><path d="M483 442H303V410C352 401 362 388 351 355C333 298 299 198 276 142L201 363C190 396 197 401 240 410V442H-7V410C40 403 52 391 70 348C89 304 144 162 196 18C202 1 204 -14 199 -30C196 -41 190 -53 180 -71C161 -103 138 -122 99 -143C78 -156 71 -165 71 -181C71 -217 114 -245 142 -245C158 -245 172 -240 179 -218C196 -162 216 -99 284 63C342 202 375 285 400 338C425 392 435 402 483 410V442Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.885,3.675)"><path d="M148 517C189 517 220 549 220 587C220 627 189 657 149 657C111 657 78 627 78 587C78 549 111 517 148 517ZM285 0V32C225 39 220 45 220 114V454C164 438 98 425 37 418V389C85 381 92 378 92 312V114C92 43 86 39 28 32V0H285Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.078,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg> that are in the neighborhood of <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 19.738 11.5564" width="19.738pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M52 442L22 406L27 394H92V108C92 45 88 39 30 32V0H302V32C227 39 220 45 220 108V394H321C335 401 339 431 335 442H220L218 477C214 562 214 597 220 616C224 631 233 642 251 642C279 642 311 617 335 593C345 583 355 583 369 593C384 605 395 618 399 629C406 644 405 659 391 673C374 689 349 701 309 703C261 697 226 679 190 649C133 601 112 553 105 531C97 507 92 486 92 464V442H52Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.319,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.817,0)"><path d="M494 0V32C450 38 426 53 393 105L296 260C330 305 354 338 375 361C411 396 421 401 476 410V442H293V410C332 402 337 394 323 371C311 351 295 324 274 293L227 371C213 393 218 402 252 410V442H16V410C70 402 80 391 108 344L196 199C166 159 140 123 115 95C81 54 61 43 7 32V0H196V32C156 41 150 53 167 81C182 105 199 138 219 166L269 79C287 49 283 38 245 32V0H494Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.107,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Dataset Denoising Based on Manifold Assumption

Figure 3