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| Technique | Applied on | Limitations | References |
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| Computer vision and control approach | UGV with variable payload up to 4 kg and 6 DOF manipulator | (1) NRF module is used to communicate with UGV and hence with the displacement in the antenna’s direction may lead to loss of connection.
(2) With 06 DOF, still there are certain easy moves that it cannot do and with the UGV prototype, it consumes relatively high power.
(3) Without load, its RPMs are between 50 and 70. The approach may not be affordable for heavy payloads. The image processing approach is restricted to only color. It is studied that various approaches recommend tracking object with respect to color, shape, and histogram | [56] |
| Computer vision and Internet of things (IoT) control approach | UGV with sharp rudder to clear sewerage pipelines | (1) The response and work are fine but the time delay is experienced in the response due to the internet of things and the sensor’s resolution factor | [58] |
| Novel hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing (HASM) | 06 DOF robotic manipulator | (1) Due to fast response, there is a time delay in system response
(2) Sudden overshoots are also experienced | [29] |
| DTMF-based control law for robotic arm | Robotic arm for a coconut tree climber | (1) The simple dual tone multiple frequency-based control is proposed which may face serious distortions in the presence of any external noise.
(2) The approach is involved in cutting and climbing on coconut trees to pick and drop the coconuts. Thus, the minor error may destabilize the system and the cutter part may harm any human standing beneath (hazardous in nature). | [59] |
| European ICARUS project towards the development of unmanned search and rescue (SAR) robots | UGV with large gripper | (1) Focused on only rescue missions but there are some huge tracking errors while performing manipulation of the objects | [28] |
| An alternative and comprehensive map-generating algorithm | UGV with 2 DOF gripper | (1) The trajectories are fine with no error but in the absence of unmodeled factors
2 The output response for gripper experiences the steady-state error of 0.55% | [31] |
| The design and control of robotic search and rescue system based on an immunocontrol framework | UGV with navigation systems | (1) The communication is performed using a Zigbee module, which is sluggish and thus brings time delay in responses | [30] |
| CoMoRAT (configurable mobile robot for all-terrain applications) for the installation of variable payloads | Modular UGV | (1) The modular approach is presented that leads to the installation of additional components on UGV to make it affordable for variable load conditions
(2) Expensive hardware approach | [33] |
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