Research Article
A Modified Unscented Kalman Filter Combined with Ant Lion Optimization for Vehicle State Estimation
Table 2
The optimization result comparison of different algorithms.
| Function | Ave_optimal | Ave_iteration | Ave_time (s) | GA | PSO | ALO | GA | PSO | ALO | GA | PSO | ALO |
| Schaffer | 0.0097 | 5.9105e − 06 | 7.5685e − 06 | 17 | 122 | 65 | 0.0118 | 0.0247 | 0.0870 | Griewank | 0.0074 | 1.7831e − 05 | 8.6813e − 06 | 26 | 367 | 267 | 0.0364 | 0.0756 | 0.3715 | Ackley | 1.3126e − 05 | 0.0257 | 2.9508e − 06 | 486 | 325 | 379 | 0.3187 | 0.0827 | 0.5073 | Branin | 0.3982 | 0.3985 | 0.3979 | 339 | 401 | 120 | 0.2495 | 0.0784 | 0.1554 | Six-Hump Camelback | −1.0167 | −1.0314 | −1.0316 | 326 | 389 | 146 | 0.2269 | 0.0910 | 0.1878 |
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