Predicting the Healthy Operation of Heavy Oil Well Casings in Permafrost Regions

Figure 5

Distribution curve for thawed soil stress with depth: (a)  = 1.0 m, (b)  = 3.0 m, (c)  = 5.0 m, (d)  = 7.5 m, (e) vertical stress on the thawed soil, and (f) horizontal stress of the thawed soil.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)