Research Article
Development and Optimization for a New Planar Spring Using Finite Element Method, Deep Feedforward Neural Networks, and Water Cycle Algorithm
Table 15
Compare the value MSE of the proposed model and the linear model.
| Response | Model data | Training data | Validating data | Testing data | DFNN | Linear | DFNN | Linear | DFNN | Linear | DFNN | Linear |
| Deformation | 2.82E − 4 | 0.0050 | 8.02E − 4 | 0.0053 | 4.14E − 5 | 0.0046 | 5.00E − 4 | 0.0014 | Stress | 0.0015 | 0.0121 | 0.0046 | 0.0099 | 5.98E − 6 | 0.0127 | 0.0031 | 0.0112 | Strain energy | 3.28E − 4 | 0.0069 | 9.5E − 4 | 0.0065 | 1.3E − 5 | 0.0061 | 6.70E − 4 | 0.0049 |
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