Multiresponse Optimization for a Novel Compliant Z-Stage by a Hybridization of Response Surface Method and Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 14

Friedman tests for the safety factor.

Characteristic	Quantity for assessments	Medium	Total of ranks
F1 via proposed algorithm	35	2.17429	70
F1 via CSA	35	2.38246	35
Total	70	2.27837
DF	Chi-square	P-worth
1	35	≤0.001
Null hypothesis	H0: all treatment effects are zero
Substitute hypothesis	H1: not all treatment effects are zero