Thermally Induced Bistable Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Plate

<div>The two stable shapes predicted by the analytical model and the FE analysis (<i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> = 400 K, FGX-CNTRC laminate, <span class="nowrap"><svg height="14.0507pt" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-3.9482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 57.6802 14.0507" width="57.6802pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M697 650H468L461 623L492 619C539 613 547 605 518 546C481 471 367 264 278 116H276C239 278 197 500 186 567C180 604 185 613 226 619L252 623L260 650H24L17 623C78 617 92 613 108 533L216 -11H247C365 200 515 462 560 529C616 612 624 615 689 623L697 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.224,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.332,3.784)"><path d="M618 181C565 77 513 26 413 26C264 26 151 150 151 336C151 486 240 625 407 625C516 625 573 582 600 475L634 483C627 540 622 581 613 638C585 643 518 665 435 665C211 665 46 526 46 315C46 158 157 -15 406 -15C480 -15 564 4 594 12C612 43 638 121 651 168L618 181Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.456,3.784)"><path d="M731 650H485V618C556 614 580 601 585 558C588 530 592 485 592 390V153H589L173 650H22V618C69 614 92 606 112 582C131 558 132 555 132 483V266C132 175 129 128 125 96C120 49 95 36 36 33V0H281V33C212 36 188 50 183 98C180 129 177 175 177 266V510H179L603 -9H638V390C638 483 640 530 644 561C649 602 674 615 731 618V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.496,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.759,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.999,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.963,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,51.203,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z"></path></g></svg>):</span> (a) stable state I; (b) stable state II.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Thermally Induced Bistable Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Plate

Figure 4