Intelligent Diagnosis of Bogie Traction Seat Based on PCA-OVO and SVM Optimized by Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm

Table 3

The time domain characteristic parameter values of some samples.

State	Normal			Small crack			Large crack
Sample group	N1	N2	N3	S1	S2	S3	L1	L2	L3
Mean	−2.111	−2.108	−2.022	−2.022	−2.449	−2.336	−0.095	−0.079	−0.114
MSE	56.022	56.175	56.035	584.316	583.275	583.432	3.834	3.839	3.837
Energy	1.882e + 06	1.892e + 06	1.883e + 06	2.045e + 08	2.037e + 08	2.038e + 08	8.814e + 03	8.835e + 03	8.827e + 03
Crest factor	1.490	1.475	1.478	1.487113	1.488	1.488	2.786	2.584	2.546
Kurtosis	1.475	1.474	1.477	1.603	1.604	1.602	3.566	3.566	3.103
Partial degrees	−0.066	−0.070	−0.070	0.275	0.276	0.278	0.463	0.065	0.294
Peak	90.539	88.708	86.877	960.462	958.936	958.936	11.148	10.538	10.538
	166.931	165.710	165.710	1736.450	1735.534	1735.840	21.362	19.836	19.531
RMS	65.802	65.989	65.818	753.251	751.858	752.067	4.044	4.049	4.047
Peak factor	1.375	1.344	1.319	1.275	1.275	1.275	2.620	2.620	2.756
Pulse factor	−42.872	−42.076	−41.367	−474.941	−391.560	−410.747	−130.802	−121.590	−116.343
Margin factor	1.945	1.909	1.876	1.998	2.013	2.008	4.036	4.055	4.477
Waveform factor	−31.159	−31.300	−31.340	−474.941	−307.004	−321.933	−49.919	−46.407	−42.201