Classification of FinTech Patents by Machine Learning and Deep Learning Reveals Trends of FinTech Development in China

Table 1

Comparison of studies of the classification of FinTech patents.

	Dataset characteristics	Chen et al.	Xu et al.	Caragea et al.	Our work
1	Patent data source	BDSS	Lens	Orbis/Patsat	CNIPA
2	Year	2003–2017	2014–2018	2000–2017	2013–2020
3	Country	United States	America	America + Europe	China
4	Language	English	English	English	Chinese
5	Optimal classification algorithm	Ensemble classifier	Random forest	BERT	Character-level CNN
6	Number of patents manually labeled	1800	1800	3850	5400
7	Number of FinTech patents	6511	3602	25580	20529