|
| Author(s) | Description | Research title |
|
| Zaman et al. [73] | The study aims to determine environmental, social, technological, and governance (ESTG) effect with specific characteristics and the newly defined principles associated with the BRI. It further analyzes the risks associated in absence of ESTG considerations. | ESTG BRI: principles for a sustainable belt and road
initiative |
|
| Ly and Albert [74] | This research explores information and communication sector under BRI. It concludes that digital silk road is the key to global multilateralism. It also helps in financial stability and economic growth. It also involves the risks associated with breech of privacy, data theft, and political ideology. | Challenge and perspective for digital silk road |
|
| World bank group [75] | This study infers that the economic growth, FDI, and trade may only improve if policy reforms are strictly implemented, thus resulting in transparency and sustainable development. | Belt and road economics:
opportunities and risks of transport corridor |
|
| Maliszewska and van der Mensbrugghe [76] | This paper analyzes that if infrastructure is improved under BRI and non-BRI countries, it will lead to positive impact on trade flow, poverty, and growth. It will simultaneously increase CO2 emission. It also emphasizes on improving policy reforms. | The belt and road initiative economic, poverty, and environmental impacts |
|
| Elkind [77] | The study aims to quantify and minimize BRI impact on climate change. It also proposes ways to mitigate impact by binding environmental policies. | Towards a real green belt and road |
|
| Baniya et al. [78] | This research uses a gravity model and a comparative advantage model to determine the difference of bilateral time to trade before and after BRI. Later it then compares bilateral export values and trade patterns. The results confirm an increase in trade reforms. | Trade effects of the new silk road:
a gravity analysis |
| Visvizi et al. [79] | This paper explores the impacts of BRI on economic growth, business prosperity, political ideology, and society. | Belt and road initiative (BRI): new forms of international and cross-industry collaboration for sustainable growth and development |
|
| Khan et al. [80] | The study devises a theoretical framework based on nonsystematic analysis of 120 statements issued by Chinese government to analyze sustainable development of BRI. | China’s belt and road initiative: a global model for an evolving approach to sustainable
regional development |
|
| Reynolds et al. [81] | The research explores alternative means of energy mix to compare with emission based on energy ventures under CPEC. | Environmental and economic impacts of the BRI on Pakistan’s energy sector |
| The levelized cost of present CPEC projects is quantified for electricity, CO2 emissions, and SO2. An optimization model LCOE is built which reveals that less polluting options using large regasified liquid natural gas plants and hydroprojects are available. |
|
| Zubedi et al. [82] | The research analyzes existing literature based on different regions and finds them inadequate. There exists an absence of research on CPEC based on the pollution haven hypothesis and the halo effect hypothesis. It further proposes policy makers the ways to mitigate GHG emission and proposes an energy efficient transportation model [83–90]. | Sustaining low-carbon emission development: an energy efficient transportation plan for CPEC |
|
| OECD, business, and finance outlook 2018 [91] | This paper explores the impact of BRI strategy on OECD countries and recipient countries under BRI. It infers that connectivity infrastructure is the key for BRI that affects trade, financial stability, and investment scope. | China's belt and road initiative in the global trade, investment
and finance landscape |
|
