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| Author | Subject | Material composition | Type of loading | Conclusion |
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| Pan et al. [40] | U-shape thin-walled steel plate with GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced plastic) honeycomb filled | Thin-walled steel plate from mild steel and fiber composite | Pendulum impact | A system horizontal impact test was carried out to examine the performance of the designed energy-absorbing structure made of a U-shaped thin-walled steel plate with GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced plastic) honeycomb filler. The results showed that the protective structure design, with thin-walled steel plate and fiber composite material, has good collision safety and can protect bridge piers well |
| Wowk et al. [41] | Honeycomb sandwich panel | 7075T6, 2024T3 for face sheet, and 5052 H-34 for core | Low-velocity impact | Various honeycomb core configurations and impact parameters were considered experimentally using a pendulum apparatus. The damaged aluminum sandwich panel had a dent in the front, and the cell wall below the front dent was bulging. The experimental and numerical results also indicated that the configuration of the nucleus has no significant effect on the core damage depth |
| Luo et al. [42] | Sandwich panel with in-plane honeycombs | Aluminum | Low-to-medium impact | A comparative study of the local impact resistance of a series of hexagonal honeycombs in planes with different Poisson ratios with respect to spherical projectiles with low-to-moderate impact velocities. The mechanism of the effect of Poisson’s ratio on the local impact resistance of sandwich panels was studied by considering variations in core strength and postimpact failure behavior |
| Liu et al. [27] | U-type corrugated Sandwich panel | Q235 steel | Quasi-static compression load | The structural deformation mechanism of U-shaped corrugated sandwich panels for ship structures under transverse quasi-static pressure loads was studied through experimental, numerical, and analytical methods. In the first and second stages, the core plates are unstable and warp from the center, after which the core plates come into contact with each other. In the third stage, the core plates are close to densification |
| Khaire et al. [43] | Honeycomb core cylindrical sandwich panel | Honeycomb core (AL-3003 H18) and cylindrical face sheets (AL-1100 H12) | Ballistic impact | The energy absorption and ballistic behavior of the cylindrical sandwich shells, which are comprised of honeycomb core and cylindrical face sheets, were investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. The transverse deflection of the hind forewings was highest, followed by the forelimbs and the core. The transverse deflection of the rear surface decreases with increasing cell wall thickness and facial skin thickness |
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