Vulnerability and Structural Capacity Assessment of Historic Glass Facades under Bird-Strike

Figure 20

Maximum principal stress in glass and out-of-plane deflection for the facade under B#1 impact in P1-1 ( = 20 m/s): retrofit with (a) and (b) newly designed laminated glass panels or (c) and (d) external “cable X” bracing system (ABAQUS/explicit).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)