A Comparative State-of-the-Art Constrained Metaheuristics Framework for TRUSS Optimisation on Shape and Sizing

<div>A convergence rate comparison of twelve optimisation methods applied for the large-scale 260-bar truss problem. The maximum number of evaluation is 105. Total number of decision variables is 270.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 5

Figure 5: A Comparative State-of-the-Art Constrained Metaheuristics Framework for TRUSS Optimisation on Shape and Sizing 