Safety-Based Optimization Model for Highway Horizontal Alignment Design

Table 4

Optimization results of the objective function.

Items	Variables	Optimization results
Design variables after optimization	Transition length ahead ()	57.96
	Circular curve length ()	62.13
	Transition length back ()	57.96
	Tangent deflection angle (θ)	0.8367
	Radius of curve (R)	218.1
	Coordinate of start point ()	(4.6334, 4.6334)
	Superelevation (E)	0.032
Objective function after optimization	Economic ()	178.05
	Safety ()	1.91