Safety-Based Optimization Model for Highway Horizontal Alignment Design

Table 5

Optimization results for design variables and objective function after optimization.

Items	Variables	Optimization results
Design variables after optimization	Transition length ahead ()	57.23
	Circular curve length ()	58.10
	Transition length back ()	57.23
	Tangent deflection angle (θ)	0.834
	Radius of curve (R)	204.54
	Coordinate of start point ()	(9.765, 9.765)
	Superelevation (e)	0.03
Objective function after optimization	Economic ()	172.56
	Safety ()	1.93
	Distance from the intermediate control points ()	1.22