Coevolutionary Framework-Based Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization for Optimal Carbon-Energy Combined Flow of a Power Grid

Figure 4

Comparison of OCECF models based on CCMO and PPS at different typical time points on the IEEE-57 system: (a) IEEE-57 at 5 : 00; (b) IEEE-57 at 15 : 00; and (c) IEEE-57 at 20 : 00.

(a)

(b)

(c)