Data Mining and Economic Application in the Age of Financial Big Data: A Case Study of Shadow Banking and Interest Rate Liberalization in China

Table 2

Criteria for differentiating shadow banks in China.

Standards	Implications
Supervisory circumvention	Financial credit intermediary activities are not part of the banking supervision system
High leverage	Complicated business structure, nested layers and excessive leverage.
Non-transparent information	Incomplete disclosure and low transparency
Highly contagious	High pressure on centralized cash as well as high association and risk contagion in the financial system