3D Dynamic Modeling of the Head-Neck Complex for Fast Eye and Head Orientation Movements Research

Figure 4

General structure of the model in Simulink. Note that the bony structures and disks dynamics receive as inputs the net wrenches (moment and force structures, as defined by Dumas et al. [29]) from muscles, ligaments, and facet joints. Muscles receive the neural stimulus from an independent controller to allow the model serve as a testbed for neural control of fast gaze shifts.