3D Dynamic Modeling of the Head-Neck Complex for Fast Eye and Head Orientation Movements Research

Table 2

Dynamic Characteristics of the Intervertebral Disks (Adapted from Van Lopik and Acar [6] and Camacho et al. [33]).

	Stiffness (N/mm)					Stiffness (Nm/rad)		Flexion		Extension
Disk	A.S.	P.S.	L.S.	Tens.	Comp.	L.B.	A.R.	𝐴𝐹	𝐵𝐹	𝐴𝐸	𝐵𝐸
C2C3	62	50	73	63.5	637.5	0.33	0.42	0.0515	27.0092	−0.0019	−58.0806
C3C4	62	50	73	69.8	765.3	0.33	0.42	0.0109	42.9889	−0.0034	−65.4087
C4C5	62	50	73	66.8	784.6	0.33	0.42	0.0565	22.5115	−0.0014	−94.0222
C5C6	62	50	73	68	800.2	0.33	0.42	0.0309	32.0111	−0.0063	−54.8950
C6C7	62	50	73	69	829.7	0.33	0.42	0.0703	32.1257	−0.0063	−70.8518
C7T1	62	50	73	82.2	973.6	0.33	0.42	0.3042	22.6261	−0.1553	−37.1791
T1T2	62	50	73	82.2	973.6	0.33	0.42	0.3042	22.6261	−0.1553	−37.1791

A.S. : Anterior Shear; Comp. :Compression; L.B. :Lateral Bending; P.S. :Posterior Shear; Tens. :Tension; A.R. :Axial Rotation; L.S. :Lateral Shear.
𝐴_𝐹, 𝐵_𝐹: Parameters of (1) for flexion response; 𝐴_𝐸, 𝐵_𝐸: Parameters of (1) for extension response.