Modeling the Dynamic Failure of Railroad Tank Cars Using a Physically Motivated Internal State Variable Plasticity/Damage Nonlocal Model
Figure 6
Different mesh discretizations of the tank car: (a) coarse mesh, (b) medium mesh, and (c) fine mesh. The meshes are made of solid C3D8R elements. There are four C3D8R elements in the thickness of the tank to develop a bending resistance. The size of the elements in the impact zone is 75 mm, 50 mm, and 35 mm for the coarse, medium and fine meshes, respectively.
